New Battery Technologies
The battery technology is used in the Hybrid vehicles as this technology growths are to be improved among the people. The new batteries are: Gold nanowire batteries, Magnesium batteries, Solid state lithium-ion, Graphene car, Sodium-ion, Foam, Nano, Liquid Flow batteries and lots of. The future technologies of battery are more exciting.
Lithium Batteries
To control a wide variety of goods or electronic devices the Lithium batteries have become the preferred energy. They are preferred much because they weigh lighter than the other batteries and also the highly reactive element which can store a lot of energy in the atomic bonds. It does have few disadvantages as well. We deliberate how the lithium battery works, its design and latest technologies, types and its applications.
Battery Management System
A BMS is an electronic system that manages a battery pack by protecting it from the external operations. It includes in many functions like Monitoring, calculating, protection, reporting and authenticating/balancing.
Design and Technology of Batteries
The internal purpose of a battery is typically controlled within a metal or plastic case. Under this metallic there is a cathode, which connects to the positive terminal, and an anode which connects to the negative terminal. These constituents, more generally known as electrodes, occupy most of the space in a battery and are placed where the chemical reactions occur. A screen creates a barrier between the cathode and anode, preventing the electrodes from moving while allowing electrical charge to flow freely between them. The medium that permits the electric charge to flow between the cathode and anode is known as the electrolyte. Finally, the accumulator conducts the charge to the outside of the battery and through the load.
Fuel Cell Technologies
Fuel Cell produced electricity from electrochemical reaction which is similar to a battery. The electrical energy is produced from the potential energy which runs as long as the sources hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to it. Based on the type of electrolytes used it is characterized which are used for different applications. They are PEMFC, DMFC, SOFC, AFC, MCFC, PAFC and many others.
Advanced Energy Materials
Materials plays an important part in the supporting the technologies that can offer the solutions to get the sustainable and the renewable energies in the future as the energy play a major role for the humans. Materials for good energy: Thermoelectric, Energy saving buildings. Materials for renewable energy storage conversion: Batteries, capacitors, hydrogen storage, photovoltaics and solar cells.
This market has an expected rise of $777.6 billion in 2019 in terms of revenue covering all the major sources such as hydroelectric, solar, wind, geothermal, oceanic sources etc.
Applications of Fuel Cells
The fuel cells usage has been broadly in three areas: stationary power generation and power generation, portable power generation and power for transportation and they are also including a category for distribution, storage, fuel and infrastructure and dispensing of fuel cells in order for the implementation of fuel cell technology.
Hydrogen energy
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in our earth’s crust can be produced from several resources like renewable and nuclear energy. It is considered to be same as that of electricity as a clean energy carrier. It is an important carrier of energy in future and has a number of advantages as it has high efficiency, low polluting fuel, power generation and heating. In order to separate the hydrogen from the other compounds the steam reforming is the technique which is least expensive for generating. The other method is electrolysis.
As it is easily made from the renewable resources it joins electricity as the important energy carrier in the future.
Super Capacitors
The mechanisms of the super capacitor can be quickly charged and has very high density of power. It had a different storage mechanism and stores electrostatically on its surface and has no chemical reactions complex in it. The cost of a super capacitor exceeds that of the battery materials because of the supercapacitor materials such as graphene which is a high performing material. Both batteries and super capacitors are helpful in the future needs as the batteries rose by 5% whereas the super capacitors by 50-60% of its charge.
Applications of Batteries
Presenting huge batteries for fixed applications, e.g. energy storage, and also batteries for hybrid vehicles or dissimilar tools. Secondary Battery such as Lithium batteries are used in several types of mobile devices, including communication equipment, computers, entertainment devices, power tools, toys, games, lighting and medical devices. Mostly in transportation the lithium secondary batteries inspired to reduce carbon emissions in the Kyoto Protocol and demand for eco-friendly vehicles through CARB(California Air Resource Board). The Toyota Prius was the first commercial HEV. This vehicle uses NIMH batteries for power sources and presents a solution to the problem of high-power density.
Nanotechnology in Advance Batteries
Nano batteries are made-up batteries using technology at the Nano scale, a scale of microscopic particles that amount less than 100 nanometres or 10−7 meters. In difference, out-dated Li-Ion technology usages active materials, such as cobalt-oxide, with atoms or particles that range in size between 5 and 20 micrometres (5000 and 20000 nanometres - over 100 times Nano scale). It is expected that Nano-engineering will improve many of the insufficiencies of present battery technology, such as recharging time and battery 'memory'. Several companies are discovering and emerging these technologies. In March 2005, Toshiba announced that they had a new Lithium-Ion battery consists a nanostructured lattice at the positive and negative terminals that permits the battery to recharge a astonishing eighty times quicker than previously. Prototype models were able to charge to eighty per cent capacity in one minute, and were one hundred per cent recharged after 10 minutes.
